Article

Bubble

August 22, 2026 · Aditya Gupta

Economics

An asset bubble is a sustained rise in asset prices well above fundamental value, driven by speculation rather than economic reality. Famous bubbles: Dutch Tulip Mania (1637), South Sea Bubble (1720), Wall Street Crash 1929, dot-com bubble (2000), US housing bubble (2008), crypto bubbles (2017, 2021). Bubbles end abruptly — Hyman Minsky described the cycle: hedge finance → speculative finance → Ponzi finance → collapse. Identifying bubbles in real-time is difficult; the smartest investors often miss the top. Behavioral factors fueling bubbles: FOMO, narrative momentum, easy credit, abandoning fundamentals. Post-bubble crashes typically retrace 50-90%+ of bubble gains.

Finance

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