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Financial Leverage

August 22, 2026 · Aditya Gupta

Business Finance

Financial leverage is the use of debt to amplify returns to equity holders. Borrowing $4 for every $1 of equity (4:1 D/E) magnifies both gains and losses. Successful: a 10% asset return on a 4:1 levered investment produces ~50% equity return. Painful: a 10% asset decline wipes out 40% of equity. Real estate investors use financial leverage routinely (mortgages); LBO funds rely on extreme leverage; tech startups use little debt. Excessive leverage caused the 2008 financial crisis. The interest coverage ratio (EBIT/Interest) measures whether earnings can service debt. Financial leverage decisions are among the most consequential corporate finance choices.

Corporate Finance

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