Article

Intangible Asset

August 22, 2026 · Aditya Gupta

Accounting

Intangible assets are non-physical assets with economic value: patents, trademarks, copyrights, customer lists, brand, software, goodwill, and licenses. Reported separately on the balance sheet. Acquired intangibles (from purchases or acquisitions) are recorded at cost; internally generated intangibles (developed brand, internal software) generally aren't capitalized (immediately expensed). Definite-life intangibles amortize over useful life; indefinite-life intangibles (some trademarks, goodwill) test for impairment annually. Modern S&P 500 companies derive most value from intangibles — yet GAAP captures only a fraction. The disconnect between book value and market value largely reflects unrecorded intangibles.

Accounting

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